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SHTTP是一种很简单的请求、响应式协议，客户端发送一个请求、服务器返回一个响应。HTTP 1.1 版本规范由 RFC2616 定义。 **HTTP请求定义：** ``` Request = request-Line ; 1 请求行，必需 *(( general-header | request-header | entity-header ) CRLF) ; 2 三类请求头部，可选 CRLF [ message-body ] ; 3 请求数据体，可选 ``` 每个请求由请求头部、可选的请求数据体组成，由回车换行分隔 1. 请求头部由请求行、可选的三类实体头部组成， 请求行格式 ``` Request-Line = Method SP Request-URI SP HTTP-Version CRLF ``` 1.1 方法Method可选值： ``` Method = "OPTIONS" | "GET" | "HEAD" | "POST" | "PUT" | "DELETE" | "TRACE" | "CONNECT" | extension-method extension-method = token ``` 1.2 URL定义 ``` Request-URI = "*" | absoluteURI | abs_path | authority ``` 1.3 HTTP版本 ``` OPTIONS * HTTP/1.1 ``` 2. 实体头部由通用头部类型、请求头部类型、实体头部类型组成; 各节之间也使用回车换行分隔，每一节格式为 [类型名] [冒号] [空格] [类型值] [回车换行]， 各类类型取值参考定义指示小节 2.1 通用头部类型 ``` general-header = Cache-Control | Connection | Date | Pragma | Trailer | Transfer-Encoding ``` 2.2 请求头部类型 ``` request-header = Accept | Accept-Charset | Accept-Encoding | Accept-Language | Authorization | Expect | From | Host | If-Match | If-Modified-Since | If-None-Match | If-Range | If-Unmodified-Since | Max-Forwards | Proxy-Authorization | Range | Referer | TE | User-Agent ``` 2.3 实体头部类型 ``` entity-header = Allow | Content-Encoding | Content-Language | Content-Length | Content-Location | Content-MD5 | Content-Range | Content-Type | Expires | Last-Modified | extension-header extension-header = message-header ``` 3. 请求数据体定义 ``` message-body = entity-body | ``` <br/> **HTTP响应定义：** ``` Response = Status-Line ; 1 响应行，必需 *(( general-header | response-header | entity-header ) CRLF) ; 2 实体头，可选 CRLF [ message-body ] ; 3 响应数据体，可选 ``` 每个响应由响应头部、可选的响应体组成，由回车换行分隔 1. 响应头部由响应行、可靠的实体头部组成 响应行格式 ``` Status-Line = HTTP-Version SP Status-Code SP Reason-Phrase CRLF ``` 1.1 状态码，主要有5类 ``` 1xx: Informational 信息提示 - Request received, continuing process 2xx: Success 成功 - The action was successfully received, understood, and accepted 3xx: Redirection 被重定向 - Further action must be taken in order to complete the request 4xx: Client Error 客户端出错 - The request contains bad syntax or cannot be fulfilled 5xx: Server Error 服务端出错 - The server failed to fulfill an apparently valid request ``` 2. 实体头部 2.1 HTTP响应通用头部类型与HTTP请求通用头部类型相同 2.2 响应头部类型 ``` response-header = Accept-Ranges | Age | ETag | Location | Proxy-Authenticate | Retry-After | Server | Vary | WWW-Authenticate ``` 2.3 HTTP响应实体头部类型与HTTP请求实体头部类型相同 3. 响应消息体 ``` entity-body = *OCTET entity-body := Content-Encoding( Content-Type( data ) ``` S了解了 HTTP请求、响应消息在TCP数据流中的格式，很容易使用 python 纯 socket 模拟HTTP客户端、HTTP服务器发送接收数据。进而更容易使用高级模块 httplib，httplib2 编写功能更强的脚本。
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